Derived types-
structures- declaration,
definition and initialization of structures,
accessing structures,
nested structures,
Array of Structures,
structures and functions,
pointers to structures,
self referential structures,
Unions,
typedef,
Bit fields,
Definition:
Structure is a collection of different data types. Each data is called its member.
1. Difference between Array and Structures
Structure
|
Array
|
1. It
is a collection of elements(variables) of different data types
|
1. It
is a collection of elements of same data type
|
2. We
have to use .(dot) operator or -> (cap) operator for accessing
|
2. Subscript
for accessing array elements
|
3.
Syntax:
struct tag
{
Datatype memeber1;
Datatype member2;
…….
};
|
3. Declaration
of array:
Datatype arrayname[size]={list
of elements separated by comma};
|
4. Example:
struct student
{
int rollno;
char name[10];
float avg;
};
Struct student stud={01,”raj\0”,90.25};
|
4. int
a[5]={1,2,3,4,5};
|
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
struct student
{
char name[10];
int regno;
struct dob;
{
Int day,month,year;
}d;
Int m1,m2,m3,m4,a1,a2,a3,a4;
}s[10];
Void main();
{
Int I,j,n,total,avg;
Clrscr();
Printf(“enter the total no of students”);
Scanf(“%d”,&n);
For(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf(“enter the name of the student”);
scanf(“%s”,&s[i].name);
printf(“enter regno”);
scanf(“%d”,&s[i].regno);
printf(“enter the dob of student(dd\mm\yy):t”);
scanf(“%d%d%d,&s[i].d.day,&s[
printf(“enter the marks in c language”);
scanf(“%d”,&s[i].m1);
printf(“enter the marks in physics”);
scanf(“%d”,&s[i].m2);
printf(“enter the marks in civil”);
scanf(“%d”,&s[i].m3);
printf(“enter the marks in mechanics”);
scanf(“%d”,&s[i].m4);
total=s[1].m1+s[i].m2+s[i].m3+
avg=total/4;
printf(“the total and average of student is %d%d,total,avg);
}
Printf(“subject average\n”);
For(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
a1+=s[i].m1;
Sa1=a1/n;
a2+=s[i].m2;
Sa2=a2/n;
A3+=s[i].m3;
Sa3=a3/n;
A4+=s[i].m4;
Sa4=a4/n;
}
Printf(“%d”,sa1);
Printf(“%d”,sa2);
Printf(“%d”,sa3);
Printf(“%d”,sa4);
Getch();
}
//Program on Nested Structure
#include "stdio.h"
#include "conio.h"
struct adress {
char ct[10];
char dist[10],state[5];
long int pin;
};
struct emp
{
char name[10];
int age,sal;
struct adress a;
};
void main()
{
struct emp e[2];
int i;
clrscr();
for(i=0;i<=1;i++)
{
printf("Enter [%d]st Employee's Name,Age,salary :: ", i);
fflush(stdin);
gets(e[i].name);
scanf("%d%d",&e[i].age,&e[i].sal);
printf("\nEnter city, district,state & pincode ::");
fflush(stdin);
gets(e[i].name);
fflush(stdin);
gets(e[i].name);
fflush(stdin);
gets(e[i].name);
scanf("%ld",&e[i].a.pin);
}
for(i=0;i<=1;i++)
{
printf("\n[%d]st Employee's Name :: %s",i,e[i].name);
printf("\n[%d]st Employee's Age :: %d ",i,e[i].age);
printf("\n[%d]st Employee's Salary :: %d",i,e[i].sal);
printf("\n[%d]st Employee's City :: %s ",i,e[i].a.ct);
printf("\n[%d]st Employee's District :: %s",i,e[i].a.dist);
printf("\n[%d]st Employee's State :: %s",i,e[i].a.state);
printf("\n[%d]st Employee's Pin :: %ld",i,e[i].a.pin);
}
getch();
}
2)
#include <conio.h>
struct stud_Res
{
int rno;
char std[10];
struct stud_Marks
{
char subj_nm[30];
int subj_mark;
}marks;
}result;
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf("\n\t Enter Roll Number : ");
scanf("%d",&result.rno);
printf("\n\t Enter Standard : ");
scanf("%s",result.std);
printf("\n\t Enter Subject Code : ");
scanf("%s",result.marks.subj_nm);
printf("\n\t Enter Marks : ");
scanf("%d",&result.marks.subj_mark);
printf("\n\n\t Roll Number : %d",result.rno);
printf("\n\n\t Standard : %s",result.std);
printf("\nSubject Code : %s",result.marks.subj_nm);
printf("\n\n\t Marks : %d",result.marks.subj_mark);
getch();
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
typedef struct stud
{
int pino;
char ename[10];
float avg;
};
void main()
{
stud s;
clrscr();
s.pino=20;
printf("%d\n%s\n%.2f",s.pino,s.ename,s.avg);
getch();
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
typedef struct emp
{
int empno;
char ename[20];
char gender;
float sal;
};
void main()
{
// struct emp e;
emp e;
// typedef struct emp e;
printf("enter the empno,ename,gender,sal\n");
scanf("%d",&e.empno);
fflush(stdin);
gets(e.ename);
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%c%f",&e.gender,&e.sal);
printf("employees are\n");
printf("%d\n%s\n%c\n%.2f\n",e.empno,e.ename,e.gender,e.sal);
getch();
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
typedef struct admission
{
char name[20];
int rank;
};
void main()
{
int x;
static struct admission s1={"rama",681};
static struct admission s2;
s2=s1;
printf("contents of s2 are\n");
printf("%s %d",s2.name,s2.rank);
if((strcmp(s1.name,s2.name)==0)&(strcmp(s1.rank,s2.rank)==0)
printf("both are same\n");
else
printf("both are not same\n");
getch();
}
