Let Us See C language: Strings

Definition:

String is a collection of characters that is treated as a single data item and terminated by null character'\0'.

Unfortunately String data type is not available in C language but we use character array is treated as String.

A string is actually one-dimensional array of characters in C language.

Syntax:

char variable[size];

Example :
char s[9]="Namasthe";
or
char s[9]="Namasthe\0";
or
char s[9]={'N','a','m','a','s','t','h','e','\0'};

The string "Namasthe" contains 9 characters including '\0' character which is automatically added by the compiler at the end of the string.

Note:
char s[3]="Raj"; //Error due to we must specify the size for null character also '\0'

Accessing the Strings:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char s[20];

printf("Enter a string");
scanf("%[^\n]",&str);
printf("%s",str);
return 0;
}

Another method to read character string with white spaces from terminal is gets() function.

char s[20];
gets(s);
printf("%s",s);

Ex2:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char a[10],b[10]; //array declaration of size 10
clrscr();
printf("enter a string");
scanf("%s",&a);
strcpy(b,a);//copies string a to b
strrev(b);//reverses string b
if(strcmp(a,b)==0)//compares if the original & // revers strings are same
{
printf("\n%s is a palindrome",a);
}
else
{
printf("\n%s is not a palindrome",a);
}
getch();
}

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Review Questions

Short answers type

1) Define a string. How to declare & initialize string.

2) List the various string operations.

3) Explain the function of strcmp() & stricmp().

Essay type questions

1) Explain the various string functions with the help of the program.

2) Write a program funds the length of the given string.

3) Explain any eight string functions used in ‘C’ language.

Write a C program to read a string and its each character in a new line.

Next: String Handling Functions

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